Description

cd est une des commandes les plus utilisés dans les environnements unix car elle est tout simplement indispensable : elle permet de naviguer dans l’arborescence du système de fichiers. Elle possède également quelques options et astuces de synthaxe pour se simplifier la vie !

Elle s’utilise en parallèle avec d’autres commandes comme pwd.

Exemple

root@solaris:~# cd /usr/share/
root@solaris:/usr/share# cd /export/home/
root@solaris:/export/home# cd -
/usr/share
root@solaris:/usr/share# cd
root@solaris:~# pwd
/root

Man solaris de la commande cd

User Commands                                               cd(1)

NAME
 cd, chdir, pushd, popd, dirs - change working directory

SYNOPSIS
 /usr/bin/cd [directory]

 sh
 cd [argument]

 chdir [argument]

 csh
 cd [dir]

 chdir [dir]

 pushd [+n | dir]

 popd [+n]

 dirs [-l]

 ksh, ksh93
 cd [-L] [-P] [arg]

 cd old new

DESCRIPTION
 /usr/bin/cd
 The /usr/bin/cd utility changes the current directory in the
 context  of  the cd utility only. This is in contrast to the
 version built into the shell. /usr/bin/cd has no  effect  on
 the invoking process but can be used to determine whether or
 not a given directory can be set as the current directory.

 sh
 The Bourne shell built-in cd changes the  current  directory
 to  argument.  The shell parameter HOME is the default argu-
 ment. The shell parameter CDPATH defines the search path for
 the  directory  containing  argument.  Alternative directory
 names are separated by a colon  (:).  The  default  path  is
 <null>  (specifying  the  current  directory).  The  current

 directory is specified by a null path name, which can appear
 immediately after the equal sign or between the colon delim-
 iters anywhere else in the path  list.  If  argument  begins
 with  `/', `.', or `..', the search path is not used. Other-
 wise, each directory in the path is searched  for  argument.
 cd  must  have  execute  (search)  permission  in  argument.
 Because a new process is created to execute each command, cd
 would be ineffective if it were written as a normal command;
 therefore, it is recognized by and is internal to the shell.
 (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).

 chdir is just another way to call cd.

 csh
 If dir is not specified, the C shell built-in  cd  uses  the
 value  of shell parameter HOME as the new working directory.
 If dir specifies a complete path starting with `/', `.',  or
 `..', dir becomes the new working directory. If neither case
 applies, cd tries to find the designated directory  relative
 to  one of the paths specified by the CDPATH shell variable.
 CDPATH has the same syntax as, and similar semantics to, the
 PATH  shell  variable. cd must have execute (search) permis-
 sion in dir. Because a new process  is  created  to  execute
 each  command, cd would be ineffective if it were written as
 a normal command; therefore, it  is  recognized  by  and  is
 internal to the C-shell. (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).

 chdir changes the shell's  working  directory  to  directory
 dir.  If  no argument is given, change to the home directory
 of the user. If dir is a relative pathname not found in  the
 current  directory, check for it in those directories listed
 in the cdpath variable. If dir is the name of a shell  vari-
 able  whose  value  starts with a /, change to the directory
 named by that value.

 pushd pushes a directory onto the directory stack.  With  no
 arguments, exchange the top two elements.

 +n     Rotate the n'th entry to the top of the stack and  cd
 to it.

 0 starting at the top.

 +n    Discard the n'th entry in the stack.

 dirs prints the directory stack, most recent  to  the  left;
 the first directory shown is the current directory. With the
 -l argument, produce an unabbreviated printout; use of the ~
 notation is suppressed.

 ksh, ksh93
 The Korn shell built-in cd command can be in either  of  two
 forms. In the first form it changes the current directory to
 arg. If arg is - the directory is changed  to  the  previous
 directory.  The  shell variable HOME is the default arg. The
 environment variable PWD is set to the current directory. If
 the  PWD  is  changed, the OLDPWD environment variable shall
 also be changed to the value of the old  working  directory,
 that  is, the current working directory immediately prior to
 the call to change directory (cd). The shell variable CDPATH
 defines  the  search  path for the directory containing arg.
 Alternative directory names are separated by  a  colon  (:).
 The default path is null (specifying the current directory).
 The current directory is specified  by  a  null  path  name,
 which can appear immediately after the equal sign or between
 the colon delimiters anywhere else in the path list. If  arg
 begins with a `/', `.', or `..', then the search path is not
 used. Otherwise, each directory in the path is searched  for
 arg.  If  unsuccessful, cd attempts to change directories to
 the pathname formed by the concatenation  of  the  value  of
 PWD, a slash character, and arg.

 -L    Handles the operation dot-dot (..) logically. Symbolic
 link  components  are not resolved before dot-dot com-
 ponents are processed.

 -P    Handles the operand dot-dot physically. Symbolic  link
 components  are resolved before dot-dot components are
 processed.

 If both -L and -P options are specified, the last option  to
 be  invoked  is used and the other is ignored. If neither -L
 nor -P is specified, the operand is  handled  dot-dot  logi-
 cally.

 The second form of cd substitutes the  string  new  for  the
 string  old  in the current directory name, PWD and tries to
 change to this new directory.

 The cd command cannot be executed by  rksh.  Because  a  new
 process  is  created  to  execute  each command, cd would be
 ineffective if it were written as a normal  command;  there-
 fore, it is recognized by and is internal to the Korn shell.
 (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).

OPERANDS
 The following operands are supported:

 directory    An absolute or relative pathname of the  direc-
 tory  that  becomes  the new working directory.
 The interpretation of a relative pathname by cd
 depends on the CDPATH environment variable.

OUTPUT
 If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, an  abso-
 lute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
 standard output as follows:

 "%s\n", <new directory>

 Otherwise, there is no output.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
 See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
 variables  that  affect  the  execution of cd: LANG, LC_ALL,
 LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.

 CDPATH    A colon-separated list of pathnames that refer  to
 directories.  If  the  directory  operand does not
 begin with a slash ( / ) character, and the  first
 component  is  not dot or dot-dot, cd searches for
 directory relative to each directory named in  the
 CDPATH  variable,  in  the  order  listed. The new
 working  directory  sets  to  the  first  matching
 directory  found.  An  empty  string in place of a
 directory pathname represents the  current  direc-
 tory. If CDPATH is not set, it is treated as if it
 were an empty string.

 HOME      The name of  the  home  directory,  used  when  no
 directory operand is specified.

SunOS 5.11           Last change: 8 Apr 2008                    4

User Commands                                               cd(1)

 OLDPWD    A pathname of the previous working directory, used
 by cd-.

 PWD       A pathname of the current working  directory,  set
 by cd after it has changed to that directory.

EXIT STATUS
 The following exit values are returned by cd:

 0     The directory was successfully changed.

 >0    An error occurred.

ATTRIBUTES
 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
 butes:

csh, ksh, sh
 ____________________________________________________________
 |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|
 | Availability                | SUNWcs                      |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|
 | Interface Stability         | Committed                   |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|
 | Standard                    | See standards(5).           |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|

 ksh93
 ____________________________________________________________
 |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|
 | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|
 | Interface Stability         | Uncommitted                 |
 |_____________________________|_____________________________|

SEE ALSO
 csh(1), ksh(1), ksh93(1), pwd(1),  sh(1),  chdir(2),  attri-
 butes(5), environ(5), standards(5)

SunOS 5.11           Last change: 8 Apr 2008                    5

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Description

La commande pwd est très utilisé sur les systèmes Unix car elle a un fonction indispensable : connaître son emplacement dans l’arborescence. Dans un contexte d’utilisation elle permet de s’assurer que l’on ait bien situé là où on le voudrait ou tout simplement éviter de se « perdre ». Elle n’a pas d’options particulières.

Exemple

axel@solaris:/var/log$ pwd
/var/log

Man solaris de la commande pwd

User Commands                                              PWD(1)

NAME
 pwd - print name of current/working directory

SYNOPSIS
 pwd [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION
 Print the full filename of the current working directory.

 -L, --logical
 use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks

 -P, --physical
 avoid all symlinks

 --help
 display this help and exit

 --version
 output version information and exit

 NOTE: your shell may have its own version of pwd, which usu-
 ally supersedes the version described here.  Please refer to
 your shell's documentation for details about the options  it
 supports.

AUTHOR
 Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
 Report pwd bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
 GNU             coreutils             home             page:
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
 General        help        using        GNU        software:
 <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
 Report        pwd        translation         bugs         to
 <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
 Copyright O 2010 Free  Software  Foundation,  Inc.   License
 GPLv3+:      GNU      GPL     version     3     or     later
 <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
 This is free software: you are free to change and  redistri-
 bute  it.   There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
 law.

SEE ALSO
 getcwd(3)

 The full documentation for pwd is maintained  as  a  Texinfo
 manual.  If the info and pwd programs are properly installed
 at your site, the command

GNU coreutils 8.5    Last change: April 2010                    1

User Commands                                              PWD(1)

 info coreutils pwd invocation

 should give you access to the complete manual.

ATTRIBUTES
 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
 butes:

 ___________________________________________
 |   ATTRIBUTE TYPE   |    ATTRIBUTE VALUE  |
 |____________________|_____________________|
 | Availability       |  file/gnu-coreutils |
 |____________________|_____________________|
 | Interface Stability|  Uncommitted        |
 |____________________|_____________________|

NOTES
 Source    for    GNU    coreutils    is     available     on
 http://opensolaris.org.

GNU coreutils 8.5    Last change: April 2010                    2

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